AP Physics 1 vs Physics 2 vs Physics C: Which Should You Take?
Compare all four AP Physics exams: algebra vs calculus, content coverage, exam format, pass rates, and career paths.
Four AP Physics exams exist. Picking the wrong one wastes a year. Here's the breakdown.
Comparison Table
| Exam | Math Level | Content | MCQ/FRQ | Pass Rate (2025) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physics 1 | Algebra | Mechanics | 40/4 | ~66% |
| Physics 2 | Algebra | E&M, optics, thermo, modern | 40/4 | ~72% |
| Physics C: Mech | Calculus | Mechanics (deeper) | 40/4 | ~72% |
| Physics C: E&M | Calculus | Electricity & magnetism | 40/4 | ~72% |
All four use hybrid digital format in 2026 (MCQ in Bluebook, handwritten FRQs).
AP Physics 1
Best first physics AP. Algebra-based mechanics: kinematics, forces, energy, momentum, rotation, fluids.
AP Physics 2
Continues with non-mechanics topics. Requires Physics 1 as prerequisite in most schools.
AP Physics C
Two separate exams — Mechanics and E&M — each 90 minutes. Calculus required.
Decision Guide
- 9th–10th grade, first physics: Physics 1
- After Physics 1, broad science interest: Physics 2
- Strong calculus, engineering/physics major: Physics C Mechanics (± E&M same year)
- Never take Physics 1 and C Mechanics for the same credit — they overlap; pick one path
Sources: College Board AP Physics CEDs (apcentral.collegeboard.org). Verified July 2026.
Frequently asked questions
Do I need calculus for Physics C?
Yes. Physics C uses calculus throughout. Physics 1 and 2 are algebra-based.
Should I take Physics 1 before Physics 2?
College Board recommends Physics 1 first. Physics 2 covers entirely different topics (E&M, optics, thermo).
Can I take Physics C without Physics 1?
Yes, if you have strong calculus and mechanics background. Many STEM students take C Mechanics directly.